BBC Radio 1 Breakfast show

Radio 1 facts:

• Founded in 30 September 1967, United Kingdom
• The first song played on Radio 1 was Flowers In The Rain by The Move.
• First 24 hour broadcast was in May 1991
• Preferred age group is 15 to 29
• Nick Grimshaw left and then Greg James came in 2018
• Radio 1 is listened by  2.43 million listeners a week. The station lost 87,000 listeners.
• Publicly funded through TV licence
• The remit of Radio 1 is to entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners with a distinctive mix of contemporary music and speech. Its target audience is 15-29 year olds and it should also provide some programming for younger teenagers. 

Public service broadcasting: refers to broadcasting intended for public benefit rather than to serve purely commercial interests.

TV license is £150 for colour and £50.50 for black and white. 

BBC trust

•The remit of Radio 1 is to entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners with a

distinctive mix of contemporary music and speech.

•Its target audience is 15-29 year olds and it should also provide some programming for

younger teenagers.

•It should offer a range of new music, support emerging artists - especially those from the

UK - and provide a platform for live music. News, documentaries and advice campaigns

should cover areas of relevance to young adults.”

GEARS:

Gender 

Ethnicity

Age

Region, Nationality

Socio-economic group

Audience segmentation: is a key activity within an audience analysis. It is the process of

dividing a large audience into smaller groups of people - or segments - who have similar

needs, values or characteristics.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0001903
The radio show opens with a jingle and a quick introduction to the content of the show,
informing the audience on what will be coming up. They then start playing music from the
current charts to entertain the listeners, throughout the broadcast they play different genres
of music, such as pop, rap, rock, indie and many more, like Taste by Tyga, Thankyou next
by Ariana and Complicated by Avril Lavigne to attract different types of  audiences, also
before each set of songs they give a little song preview, allowing the audience to know if
they will like what is coming up. Every half an hour they also did quick 3 minutes news
round focusing on the most important subjects such as brexit and then the less known about
subjects to simply inform and educate anyone listening about what is going on around the
world. They also included subjects like sports which would be more targeted at a
male audience and then the weather to just generally inform people. They also engaged
with the audience by asking them to call in with their own funny facts and stories, which is
an aspect of entertainment. They also introduced a competition which would be happening
later on in the day, this then encourages the audience to keep on listening to enter. The
broadcast is now seen as 'lad' cultured since Gregg became the shows presenter, as it
mentions a lot about sport, pubs and the comedian (John Richardson) mentions many 'lad'
aimed jokes. 


•The Radio 1 Breakfast Show with Greg James is broadcast weekdays from 06.30-10.00
am.
•The Breakfast Show has been running since 1967, but Greg James took over as the 16th
presenter in 2018.
•BBC Radio 1 is broadcast on FM, DAB, Freeview, Freesat, Virgin, Sky, or online via BBC
Radio Player (including via the phone or tablet app) where it can be heard live or streamed
for 30 days.
•It is produced by the BBC from its own studios at Broadcasting House in London.
•There’s a useful BBC Academy podcast (with transcript) about how the programme is
produced http://www.bbc.co.uk/academy/articles/art20170619095219011
•The music is largely playlisted – what is going to be played on daytime Radio 1 is decided
by a committee; they choose around 40 records each week for repeated daytime play
•(A-list records get 25 plays a week, B-list 15, and C-list eight to 10).

The show directs at different types of audiences for example:
•Male, 28, manual worker, listens to R1 BS on his way to work, (football fanatic and loves
comedy)
•Female 17, student, listens to R1 BS via podcast and on way to college in car (loves pop
music, enjoys going to festivals).

Radio 1 would appeal to both of these people as they present different things within the 
broadcast. For example they play different genres of music to appeal to peoples different
music tastes, such as pop or rock, they use memes and jokes to keep the audience
engaged and entertained. They also share news, weather and sports which appeals to the
28 year old male and they also share competitions for things like concerts and festivals
which would appeal to the 17 year old girl. 

Social Interactions: 
   -Twitter 










    -Facebook










   -Instagram







  -Youtube





-Competitions: Manning the phone-no prizes, Jam Slam-festival competition, 
-Call ins- John Richardson comedian, Pub stories from audience 

Funding:

Is funded by the Television license fee. In 2016/17 Radio 1 had a budget of £34.7 million

The high level of funding available to R1 influences the quality of the programmes

Radio 1 are able to host special events (concerts, competitions etc.).

Radio 1 use this revenue to ensure that:

•Program content is high (guests, quizzes concerts ), quality production.

•Can fund Social Media sites (twitter, Facebook, Youtube, etc)

Other radios, which are commercial, may not use as much funding.

Maintaining an Audience:

Decline in Radio 1's audience:

-New technology -> radio isn't used as much, people engage in radio through social media

-New trends -> it's not trending with the modern society/target audience

-It's not just about radio anymore, they upload Youtube videos with celebrity guests and

play funny games, meaning people don't listen to the live broadcasts

-Audience turning away from live radio 

Keeps audience by:

-Use social media to promote it, eg: Facebook, Twitter, Youtube- more views as younger

audience gets involved

-Play top chart hits to attract younger audiences to listen

-Gets involved with memes and trending jokes

-Use celebrity content, attracting fans 
-Phone ins-man in the pub & celeb phone ins

Radio 1 uses different types of technology to promote themselves. They use i-player to still
engage audience even if they missed the live broadcasting and they use different artists to
play in the live lounge which brings a sense of originality as they sing covers as well as
their original singles, which are usually in the charts at the time.

Uk artists
-Little mix
-James Bay
-Liam Payne
-The 1975
-Rita Ora
-Ed Sheeran

Commercial Broadcasting:
Radio X: It's a 'male focused' entertainment brand for 24-44 year old men, with a line up of
'blokey' presenters. Frank discussions about the intersection of masculinity and society.
More openness about male sexuality and physical and mental health might save lives.
None of the music on the show is female based or devoted to younger teen girls. Mainly
targeted at white men, which could be offensive to females. Focusing on the whole of the
Uk. Socio-economic is around C2 to E. Adverts shown, are things like electricity, insurance
and things like alcohol. BBC Radio 1 is much more inclusive as they present different
genders and ethnicities as well as providing a mixture of music genres and competitions.

Big issue: Still at War essay

   

       

     You will create an essay on issue 1332 of the Big    
     issue: Still at War. You will analyse the

     media language and media representations
     associated with the front cover.

     As part of the essay you will need to discuss the
     social and political contexts which have
     lead to a rise in homelessness in overall and
     within the veteran community
     You will also discuss how newspapers (right wing
      and Big Issue) vary in the way the
      represent homelessness. As part of your
      arguments you are required to use Gerbners
      theory.   

This front cover of The Big Issue is a representation of the many homeless veterans. It was released on Sunday the 11th of November, which is remembrance day. The poppy in the corner of the title also references the fallen soldiers and makes us remember them, the red colour of the poppy is a reference to all the blood shed during battle, which just reminds us as the readers how important it really was. The bold, capitalised san serif font of the cover line is black and white which stands out against the green, making it very eye catching for the reader. The word 'war' is the largest and is in the centre of the page, which catches the readers attention and shows them exactly what the magazine is about. The word 'still' is in a black text box, which makes it draw the readers attention. It could be a reference to how even after leaving the army and all the war zones veterans are 'still' at war when they come home as they're fighting for health care and homes, it could also be a reference to the ongoing battle they're having with themselves in their head with anxiety, depression and PTSD, which is a post traumatic stress disorder, which occurs after experiencing traumatising or life changing events. This is then also reflected in the tag line when it says 'peace of mind' which shows how veterans are desperately calling for help and just want peace, yet go through struggles such as homelessness. The phrase 'fighting for futures' is a reference to how veterans give themselves up for us and our future yet when they return from their service they have to keep fighting for their own future that no ones really helping them with, showing how the favour is not returned. The whole magazine is full of muted tones and army green colours, which is just a military reference. The background and person are black and white and the helmet is a vibrant green. This could show how we as a society just see veterans as part of the army and not as individual people with families and friends, it could also refer to how we just over look them and we only realise they're there while they're part of the army, yet when their service is finished we pay no attention to them and their needs. The tag line covers the persons eyes, which could be yet another reference to veterans having no personal identity and being seen as anonymous or unimportant. It reflects how most of society views veterans after service.  

The big issue, being a left wing magazine is trying to help raise awareness for these ex-veterans who are being left homeless. Around 13000 war heroes are being left homeless and nearly all of them are struggling with PTSD, anxiety and depression, which often leads to other problems, such as drug addictions and alcohol use, which then leaves them jobless meaning they cannot afford a home, leaving them homeless. People usually categorise the poor into deserving and undeserving and everyones opinions on it are different, The Big Issue is trying to make people see that ex-veterans are part of the deserving poor as they served our country and fought for us and our futures, yet we're not being appreciative enough as we aren't offering them any help in return. Gerbner's theory really applies in this case. This is because media has a huge influence on todays society and due to them only ever showing the more negative aspects of homelessness, people will believe what they see. More right winged pieces of media like, The Daily Mail newspaper only show anti-social behaviour, drugs, alcohol and violence, which gives people the impression that all poor or homeless people are addicts and nasty violent people and this makes others see them as flawed and undeserving of sympathy, which then deters people from actually helping those in need due to thinking their undeserving beggars. The Big Issue is unlike all the other mainstream media as they generally try to help people and get them off the streets and provide care for them. They use their voice to raise awareness that these things are happening as many people aren't aware of how many people or ex-veterans are being left without homes and help. They show how many of our homeless are veterans, which wouldn't be obvious to the general public as they're normal people, also explaining how drugs and alcohol usually aren't the cause of homelessness but the effects of it, as people turn to it due to being so low. Hopefully, due to The Big Issue people will change their attitudes towards homelessness and understand that they're people who need help.

In Bob We Trust: Essay

In Bob We Trust: Essay

Task 7:

You will analyse the media language and media representation of the issue of the Big Issue “In Bob we trust”. To what extent does the Magazine diverge from mainstream/rightwing depictions of the poor/homeless. Why is the magazines remit an important factor in the way the magazine represents homelessness?  Discuss the social and political context of homelessnes. Discuss the impact of homelessness in Britain today from your research.

Word count minimum 750

The Big Issue is a magazine, which launched in 1991, which aims to decrease poverty by creating opportunities for the less fortunate, through social trading and business solutions.  It allows people to sell their magazine to the public to try and make some money of their own, which will encourage them to stay sober or drug free in order to make money. The magazine has a saturated yellow main cover line, in a bold san serif font, which says "In Bob We Trust". This is used to catch people's attention and attract them into looking at the magazine, its also against a dark blue background which makes it stand out even more as it pops out. The magazine has flare reflections edited onto it, which makes it look like christmas lights or snow, giving it a christmas feel. "In Bob We Trust" is a reference to "In God We Trust" which is written on every dollar bill, this is a representation that Bob should be looked up to as he's a source of hope and faith to those who are struggling. Bob is in the centre of the magazine which shows his importance, he uses direct mode of address to properly catch the audiences attention and draw them into the magazine, it also looks like he's directly addressing everyone, which makes it more personal. The use of a cat on the front cover will attract a wider audience as people usually like animals, so they'd stop to look at it, which may result into them buying. The cat is presented as very clean and shows to be wearing a scarf, this goes against the typical stereotype that homeless people are nasty people who are just addicts, this cat is a representation of the fact that "street" people can turn their lives around and do something if they are given the chance. Bob symbolises hope.The tag line says "Lessons from Britain's favourite streetwise street cat", this shows how many people have already heard of Bob's story and it is used as an inspiration to others who are struggling. If someone hadn't of already hear of Bob it would attract them to read the magazine as they'd be intrigued to see what it's about. The tag line of the Title of the magazine is " A hand up not a hand out", this shows how the magazine is used as a source of help and rehabilitation to those who are in need of help. It keeps them occupied, giving them a sense of responsibility, pulling them away from bad habits, it's not seen as a charity as the people actually have to work for it they aren't just given money. 

        The Big Issue is very much a left wing magazine as it wants to support those who aren't as fortunate and have to sleep rough, it opposes the right wing's political views. The right wings political view opposes socialism and social democracy, right wing parties consist of conservatives, nationalists and fascists, whereas the left wing supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy and social inequality. The big issues shines a more positive light on homelessness, as they show that they can be rehabilitated and pulled away from their bad habits with just a little bit of help and faith, showing how they're just like everyone else, yet fell into a bad lifestyle. They do this to try and change people's negative opinions and stereotypes on homeless people. People may get these negative opinions from the more right wing papers, like the Daily Mail, as they only ever show them in a negative light and state that they're violent drug addicts and alcoholics, which isn't the case most of the time. People see homeless people as being beggars and drains on society and due to the rise in homelessness people are even more hostile towards them, this refers to Shildrick and McDonald's theory that the poor do not deserve sympathy, the magazine then goes against this theory as they want to show how poor people aren't bad.The magazine wants to change these negative stereotypes and allow people who are homeless to prove themselves by selling the magazine and sharing their story. This may start to change people's attitudes and encourage them to help the homeless rather than judge them. The story of Bob the cat represents the hope and faith people need to have in the homeless to help and encourage them to lose their bad habits and get their lives back on track.

Print Media: The Big Issue

The Big Issue

* Uses vibrant, saturated yellow to reflect summer also catches attention of audience, the writing contrasts the background and so does the model as she's black and white.

* It's a mid shot, which is extremely focused on the models body, she uses direct mode of address, to attract the audience. 

* The cover line stands out as its huge

* Represents women as having to have a specific body type, could make them feel bad. 

* Probably targeted at women, yet attracts men.

What is the big issue?

Our mission is to dismantle poverty by creating opportunity, through self-help, social trading and business solutions. The Big Issue magazine launched in 1991 in response to the growing number of rough sleepers on the streets of London, by offering people the opportunity to earn a legitimate income through selling a magazine to the public. Twenty-five years on, our vendors come from a variety of backgrounds and face the myriad of problems associated with poverty and inequality.

Vendors buy The Big Issue magazine for £1.25 and sell it for £2.50, meaning each seller is a micro-entrepreneur who is working, not begging. Therefore it is vitally important that buyers take their copy of the magazine when they pay for it. In 2016, The Big Issue sold its 200 millionth copy, celebrated its 25th anniversary and launched The Big Issue Shop, a fully customised online platform committed to selling products with a social echo.

The tag line of the logo is " A hand up not a handout" this shows how these people are being rehabilitated and given help instead of just being given money to like a charity.

Political Context: 

•Left wing newspapers: will reflect the views of the political left. Left Wing Politics : supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy and social inequality." 

•Right wing newspapers: will reflect the views of the political right.

•Right Wing Politics: the political right opposes socialism and social democracy. Right

wing parties include conservatives, nationalists and on the far-right racists and fascists. 

Right wing papers: Daily Mail, The Telegraph, 

Left wing papers: Daily Mirror, Guardian, Independant

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/immigration/10206553/Truth-about-the

Romanian-beggars-of-Park-Lane.html - The negative representations from the text are that

Romanians are seen as beggars and drains on society. 

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5854461/The-rejuvenated-East-end

Homeless-people-set-camp-mall-yards-700m-Olympic-Stadium.html  - The poor are

presented as undeserving of sympathy, as said by Shildrick and McDonald's, due to them

being presented in a negative light.  For example, bristling violence is present. 'I'll cut

you up, I'll cut you up, do you hear?' one man is warned by another for apparently trying to

steal cigarettes. In another incident, police and an ambulance were called to the centre after, it

is believed, an Albanian was hit over the head with a vodka bottle, a middle-aged woman was

shoved to the ground as a crowd converged on charity food trolleys even before they were

unloaded.

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-armed-forces-homeless

rough-sleepers-remembrance-day-armistice-ww1-cenotaph-a8626381.html -- This

representation of homeless people is more positive as Jeremy Corbyn thinks that they

should be helped, especially due to 6% of hem being ex-armed forces veterans, he gives

them much more sympathy as they're seen as victims, going against Shildrick and

McDonald's theory. 

Signifier: something that symbolises something else

https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/762456/British-military-veterans-armed
forcescovenant-army-navy-RAF-Homes-for-Heroes-campaign -  more and more military
veterans are becoming homeless due to PTSD and the use of drugs, alcohol, relationship
breakdowns, unemployment and lack of help. Homeless charities estimate there are about
7000 ex-servicemen and women living rough and in desperate need of a roof over their
head. Instead, thousands of empty properties are going to asylum seekers, with the
Government finding accommodation for 6,500 in the last year alone. Many struggle with
mental health issues, yet could wait up to 2 years for any type of help.

Still A War Issue:

Social Context:

War veterans and homelessness

Discuss why the Big Issue chose to highlight this issue: people don't know that veterans are

homeless or why they're homeless & they're seen as more deserving, so the Big Issue

wants to inform people.

Why might the issue be important for their audience: its important as people need to be

aware of what's happening and the big issue wants to influence people into thinking they

deserve their sympathy

https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/least-13000-hero-soldiers-left-11847000 -

At least 13,000 of our war heroes are homeless after leaving the military and almost all are

struggling with the devastating affects of PTSD, which often leads to other problems,

including addictions to drugs and alcohol. Many former troops suffering illnesses such as

post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety lost their homes after being unable to

find new jobs.

•Most media studies on poverty point in the direction of a recurring observation that

usually the poor are presented in one of two contrasting frames: the ‘deserving poor’

and the ‘undeserving poor’.

•While the frame of deserving poor employs a sympathetic treatment of the poor, the

frame of the undeserving poor is built upon the rhetoric of deficiency in individuals

who are portrayed as a burden on the taxpayer due to their dependency on welfare

policies

•(see also, scrounger phobia, Golding & Middleton, 1982)

Theory: Gerbner

Cultivation theory states that high frequency viewers of television are more

susceptible to media messages and the belief that they are real and valid. Heavy viewers

are exposed to more violence and therefore are effected by the Mean World Syndrome, the

belief that the world is a far worse and dangerous place then it actually is. According to the

theory heavy viewing of television is creating a homogeneous and fearful populace,

however so many studies have been done in this area that really no one knows how or even

if violence on TV or in film negatively or positively affects its audience.

Now cultivation theory has taken on a more general definition in regards to mass media. It

now extends to encompass the idea that television colours our perception of the world. For

example; if someone stays inside and watch news about crime all day, they might be

inclined to believe that the crime rate is far higher than it actually is and they might easily

become the victim of a crime. Or in another sense heavy viewership of any media  can

perpetuate stereotypes both positive and negative. It really comes down to the question of

to what extent does reality shape TV and vice versa.

How is this relevant to the BIG Issue?

•Consider whether society is being influenced by media on their perception of the homeless

as scroungers/benefits cheats

•Consider whether the negative associations of povety/homelessness have influenced

audiences to be less sympathetic i.e. through stereotypes that the poor are

        •Flawed

        •Unworthy of sympathy

•Consider whether the  BIG ISSUE is unlike mainstream media representations of the poor.

You will create an essay on issue 1332 of the Big issue: Still at War.  You will analyse the

media language and media representations associated with the front cover.

As part of the essay you will need to discuss the social and politcal contexts which have
lead to a rise in homelessness in overall and inparticular within the veteran community
You will also discuss how newspapers (right wing and Big Issue) vary in the way the
represent homelessness.  As part of your arguments you are required to use Gerbners
theory