Stereotypes:
Females: Females are seen as house wives, having lots of children, being unemployed, have to constantly be well dressed and look good and women are lower than men.
Males: Males are seen as sex driven, lazy and unable to do house work or look after children, all about video games and have to be strong.
Youth: Youth is seen as moody, aggressive, criminals which do drugs and drink alcohol, commit knife crimes, brain dead, focused on looks and not education and social media obsessed.
Age: Older people are seen as slow,
Black people: Black people are seen as loud, violent and part of a gangs.
Essex: Essex people are seen as, hot tempered, over the top, spray tanned, loud and rude.
Scottish: Scottish people are seen as alcoholics, drug addicts, argumentative, always wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.
Uk Migration:
Uk Migration:
This photo represents how the UKIP party thinks that the Uk has lost power over its own country and they want that power back by keeping migrants out, they want to decrease net migration to 0 in the next 5 years. They use their social power to influence other peoples opinions on migration to the Uk, the photo also shows a herd of people, who are mainly dark skinned, Asian or possibly muslim, coming into the Uk, this unrealistic image of immigrants may shock audience at the amount of people there is, influencing them to also believe that they shouldn't be allowed in, also some people may have islamophobia which makes them immediately reject those people. The stereotypes of migrants shown in this photo is that they're all poor, ragged and needy. People may also think that they come here just to acquire housing and hospitality. The bold red writing "Breaking Point" looks like a warning, which could alarm people. The ideology of this photo is that turning the Uk back to what it was like before they joined the EU is the best way to go.Common stereotypes and theories used by the media in the representation of the following groups.
Youth/Age:
In
a
1999 research paper Ann Gould identified 6 key stereotypes in the media’s
representation of youth. These are:
•Rebellious
•Artificial
tribe
•Sexual
•Nihilistic (no respect for authority)
•Violent
•Self-destructive
The Inbetweeners, Series 3 Episode 5- Will Is Home:
In this episodes teens are presented as destructive, rude, sexual and rebellious. Two of the characters go around destroying peoples front gardens and they vandalise the local roundabout changing it to say something sexual, this presents them in a negative light as they come across as trouble. They are also seen as rude due to using multiple swear words such as "fuck" or "wanker", which is also slang so it shows how they speak in an improper way and are seen as immature. The characters are seen as sexual as they sexualise Will's mum, they try to teach her how to play tennis telling her to 'bounce', which is a sexual innuendo. Also at the beginning the narrator introduces Jay's actions as "what every teenage boy does when they're home alone" which presents not only him but boys in general as having sex driven minds. The characters also want to throw a party due to Will's mum going away for the weekend, this presents them as rebellious as it lacks parental permission, however it also presents them as fun but in a troubling way. The boys are also shown to be playing video games together, which is another stereotype. Hegemony is presented in this episode as the head teacher, who is dominant, tells Will what to do and basically black mails him, yet Will does as he is told due to being under his power.
Gender:Female:
Representations of women across all
media tend to highlight
the following:
•beauty (within narrow conventions)
•size/physique (again, within narrow
conventions)
•sexuality (as expressed by the above)
•emotional (as opposed to intellectual)
dealings
•relationships (as opposed to
independence/ freedom)
•Young
•Slim
•Overwhelmingly
white
•Conforming
to our image of ideal beauty (perfect skin, hair and
alluring gaze).
Laura Mulvey:
She was a theorist and a feminist
Mulvey, came up with the concept on male gaze
in 1975.
Here Mulvey wrote a very influential essay ‘Visual
pleasure and Narrative Cinema’. Stating that women are used for visual
pleasure- women are made to seem like sexual objects through voyeurism.
She argued that women took the passive part
of a film and that all men played an active part, in her eye the women were
objects.
Van Zoonen –
feminism and patriarchy.
Van Zoonen
believes the media portray images of stereotypical women and this behaviour
reinforces societal views.
The media
does this because they believe it reflects dominant social values (what people
believe in) and male producers are influenced by this. This is a patriarchy (a
society ran by
men for men) which dominates and oppresses women.
Male:
'Masculinity' is a concept that is
made up of more rigid stereotypes than
femininity.
Representations of men
across all media tend to focus on the following:
•Strength - physical and intellectual
•Power
•Sexual attractiveness (which may be based
on the above)
•Physique
•Independence (of thought, action,
finances)
Male characters are often represented as
isolated, as not needing to rely
on others (the lone hero). If they submit to
being part of a family, it is often part of the
resolution of a narrative,
rather than an integral factor in the initial balance.
It is interesting to note that the male
physique is becoming more important a part of
representations of masculinity.
The Metrosexual:
•One recent
development in the representations of masculinity is the Metrosexual (
mid1990’s)
•The young
single man with a high disposable income, living in the city - as it is near to
the
best shops. Metrosexual
man
is not gay but is often confused with being homosexual.
•He is
objectified and sexualised
(turned into a sex object) which goes against traditional
representations of
masculinity.
The Fool/ Buffoon:
•The fool
stereotype is a tried and tested formula e.g. the
bungling father in TV ads and
Sitcoms. Usually well
intentioned and light hearted, these characters range from slightly
inept to
completely hopeless in work or parenting and domestic situations.
•On the
surface it may seem a very pejorative representation of men However
they
still
always come out on top!
Women vs Man:
This is the same magazine yet men and
women are presented differently. Lana is completely naked, this can be interpreted in
different ways. One way to interpret this is in the stereotypical way that women are
sexualised, as she hasn't got anything on yet Tinie, the male has. She's also folding in on
herself which could present how she is of the submissive gender, suggesting
she's vulnerable and emotional. It also presents the stereotype of women always having to
look good as she has makeup on and her hair is flawless, also the picture is most likely
edited to touch up any flaws she may have.Another way to interpret this is that she is trying
empower other women by showing her naked body to make others feel more confident
about theirs and to show how women can show their body and shouldn't be judged by it.
However, in Tinie's edition he is presented as a stereotypical male. He is shown an powerful
due to the way he is standing upright and looking straight at the camera making him look
more intimidating. He is shown as being independent, smart and attractive due to wearing
an expensive looking suit, being clean shaven and having glasses. All of these things
contribute to the stereotypes of a male as they have to be presented in a specific way to
look appealing to the opposite sex.
Ethnicity:
Regional
Identity: Refers to the part of the United Kingdom someone is from. It could refer
to a general area such a “North” or “South”, a
country such as “English” or “Scottish” or
specific towns such as “London” or
“Manchester.”
How can you identify regional identity?
Setting
Accents
Dialogue
Props
Make up
Class of characters
Costumes, Etc.
• South
England: often shown as being the centre of culture, modern, classy, clever,
sunny, richer, doing middle class jobs such as managers, etc.
North
England: often shown as being poorer, bad weather, lower class, aggressive,
less culture, less clever, doing working class jobs such as builders,
etc.
Social Classes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=2&v=K2k1iRD2f-c
Working class: Those individuals engaged in manual work,
often having low levels of educational achievement. The classic, traditional
working class jobs include heavy labouring and factory based work.
Middle class: Those individuals engaged in non-manual work,
often having higher levels of educational achievement. Classic middle class
jobs include everything from doctors and lawyers to clerical workers.
Upper class:The
elite class that controls the majority of wealth and power in British society.
Nairn
(1988) – Monarchy
•“Royal Family” concept = niceness, decency, ordinariness,
•Royal family can be deemed to be “like us” but “not like us” – the queen seen
as ordinary working mother doing extraordinary things,
Upper
class:
•
Mainly represented through the coverage of the monarchy,
•
Seen as well bred and cultured,
•
Represented through their accents, estates, and a taste for shooting and
hunting,
•
Usually represented in costume and period drama.
Representations of poverty and underclass:
•
Portrayal usually negative and stereotypical
•
Portrayed in the form of statistics in news bulletin such as figures of
unemployment,
•
Recent media interest in the labelling of the poor such as “chavs”
which according to Shildrick and
MacDonald (2007) suggest that the poor are undeserving of sympathy,
•
Hayward and Yar
(2006) – the term chav is
used as an amusing term of abuse for young poor people
Middle class (stereotypes):
•Presented
as
educated and successful as well as able to cope with problems,
•Over represented
in the media due to their lifestyle
•Representation
fits
in with the hegemonic ideology of the dominant class in society,
•Representation
justifies
the existing class structure and inequalities by suggesting people
need to
become more competent and successful in order to cope with life.
The word "Vile" which is capitalised on the title of the newspaper is there to show people how unemployed people are seen as chavy. The man in the middle is seen as being not responsible as he has 17 children, he is a representation of the chav culture, by the clothes he is wearing and he is shown as a needy individual, which relies on the governments money. This could anger those who work as money is taken away from their wages and given to him and others like him as benefits which he doesn't deserve. The word 'product' also refers to him as non-human which also makes others think lower of him, this refers back to the theory that poor people don't deserve sympathy. Also, the dad is clearly looking after himself more, as he's wearing Adidas, whereas his kids look more scruffy and quite unhappy. Overall, this newspaper shines a negative stereotype on the working class poor, which is labeling as not everyone who is of the working class is like that. This portrays and unfair and biased image. 
Shameless Season, Episode 1
The intro to the show is clearly edited as it cuts from scene to scene and there is a voiceover, which acts as a narrator to the start of the episode. The opening scene is at a council estate, which allows the audience to recognise the family's social class, which is underclass as they do not work. This reflects that the family in Shameless are the stereotypical chav family. This links to Shildrick and Macdonald's theory as the labelling of chavs suggests that they're poor and undeserving of sympathy. This is shown in the clip where a woman demands to get her money back from someone and uses violence, interrogation and black mail to get it, this just shows how they spend money on the wrong things. The audience would react negatively due to the drastic measures used, this would make them feel unsympathetic towards the woman as she uses unnecessary aggression. Hayward and Yar's theory is also correct as the term chav in this case was used in a comical way. The characters are all presented as quite dumb and goofy, which would make the audience find them funny. For example, the main character sets light to his kitchen as he is unable to cook, this to the audience would be very comical, due to the fact that an adult cannot prepare a simple meal and causes a fire. However, this also shines a negative light, as it shows a lack of independence and skill, people will automatically assume and label people as chavs depending on their skills and intellect. The fire scene also presents them as dangerous and rebellious. The camera is very unstable throughout the episode which reflects the characters chaotic lifestyle, which is out of control. They are also presented as inappropriate as the adults freely use sexual behaviour in front of children, as well as encourage violence, for example in the scene where the dad was encouraging his son to beat someone up. This overall presents chavs has being bad parents. Also, the adults passively smoke, this may indicate how they choose to spend money on things which aren't necessary and don't use it for things they generally need. Overall, this episode combines stereotypes about underclass people and people who are labelled as 'chavs', which are all seen as quite negative, making them seem like uneducated people, with no skills or ambitions.
Race:
•Representation
of race in the media can consist of the same sort of rigid stereotypes that
constitute gender portrayal.
•Stereotyping
of
race is
seen as more harmful than stereotyping of gender, as media
representation may be
the only experience of contact with a particular ethnic group that an
audience
may have (especially children and young people)
•Racial
stereotypes are often based on social myth perpetuated down the ages.
Black Stereotype:
Positive
and
negative stereotypes are often seen in contemporary British media.
–Musicians
–
jazz, hip-hop and soul
–Sportsmen
and
women
–Comedians
–Criminals
–Socially
dysfunctional
–Prostitute/sexually
promiscuous
–The stud/pimp
Islamophobia:
